Substantive Procedures

Recalculate = calculate again e.g. invoice amounts/discounts/carrying amount Reperform = perform a procedure again e.g. a bank reconciliation/extraction of a trial balance

Can you please clarify the substantive procedure for purchases?

Purchases are part of the payables "cycle". Tests of control on purchases include, for example, checking that invoices are matched to GRNs - see page 73. If the amounts on invoices are checked (agreed to price lists, calculations checked, etc) this is substantive. Cut-off tests on purchases are described on page 95 as an aspect of inventory. Because financial statements are largely prepared from a "balance sheet" perspective, a risk-based audit approach focuses on substantiating the y/e balance - trade payables - rather than purchases. This is covered on page 89 (where you see the overlap with payments also). If purchases are of a capital nature then audit procedures for non-current assets will also be relevant (page 99).