White squire
The investor generally takes a limited holding rather than offering to acquire the whole company. The stake can alter voting or ownership dynamics, depending on its size, rights and applicable rules. The arrangement may involve commitments, influence or costs that affect other shareholders, so assess pricing, control, conflicts and exit terms. Distinguish a white squire from a white knight seeking a full acquisition and from an ordinary passive shareholder. Whether the investment can lawfully frustrate a bid requires the actual jurisdictional and transaction framework.
Worked example
C proposes to take a minority stake in B during A’s bid. B examines the rights and price offered to C and the effect on existing holders; it does not call C a white knight merely because C supports the board.
Common mistake
Assuming every friendly minority investor has no control influence or that a defensive placement is automatically permitted.
Where it appears in your exams
| Qualification | Exam | Relationship | Period |
|---|---|---|---|
| ACCA | AFM | Supporting | September 2026–June 2027 |
