Surplus resource
Surplus in a linear-programming minimum constraint is the amount by which the solution exceeds the required minimum. It differs from slack under a maximum constraint. Use the terminology and signs consistently when preparing or interpreting a model, particularly software output. Surplus is a physical or model quantity, not automatically profit, spare capacity or a cash saving.
Worked example
A contract requires at least 100 units and the chosen plan supplies 130. Surplus over that minimum is 30 units.
Common mistake
Do not subtract actual supply from the minimum and call a negative number unused capacity; minimum and maximum constraints have different interpretations.
Where it appears in your exams
| Qualification | Exam | Relationship | Period |
|---|---|---|---|
| ACCA | PM | Direct | September 2026–June 2027 |
