Short-term bank loan
A short-term loan can finance temporary operating needs or a defined cash gap. Its terms specify amount, interest, repayment, security, covenants and fees; principal may be repaid at maturity or in instalments. Unlike a flexible overdraft, a term loan commonly provides a fixed amount and schedule, though products vary. Match repayment to reliable cash inflows and assess renewal risk if it is used for permanent needs. The quoted interest rate is not the only cost when arrangement fees or required balances apply.
Worked example
A business borrows $100,000 for six months to finance seasonal inventory and repays from collected customer receipts. At an illustrative 8% annual simple rate, interest is $4,000, plus any fees. A late collection season could create refinancing pressure.
Common mistake
Matching repayment only to the expected sales date while ignoring the additional customer credit period.
Where it appears in your exams
| Qualification | Exam | Relationship | Period |
|---|---|---|---|
| ACCA | AFM | Supporting | September 2026–June 2027 |
| ACCA | FM | Direct | September 2026–June 2027 |
