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Sales to net working capital ratio

The ratio can highlight changes in the intensity of working-capital use, but it depends on the chosen balance and timing. A high value may indicate efficient use of funds or inadequate working capital and overtrading; it is not automatically favourable. Very small, negative or seasonal balances make interpretation difficult. Compare like periods and business models and examine the underlying inventory, receivables and payables movements. A year-end balance may not represent average funding throughout the year, so state the basis and use average information where available and appropriate.

Worked example

Annual sales are $2.4 million and net working capital is $300,000, giving 8 times. If sales rise to $3.6 million while working capital falls to $200,000, the ratio rises to 18 times; management must investigate whether this reflects efficiency or strained liquidity.

Common mistake

Interpreting every increase as improved performance without checking cash shortages, seasonality or a near-zero denominator.

Where it appears in your exams

QualificationExamRelationshipPeriod
ACCA AFM Supporting September 2026–June 2027
ACCA FM Direct September 2026–June 2027