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Nominal cash flow

Nominal appraisal forecasts each receipt and payment at the prices expected when it occurs. Apply the specific inflation rate appropriate to each item, taking account of whether a quoted value is at today's prices or already at a future date's prices. Discount these cash flows using a nominal rate for the same currency and risk. Tax and working-capital amounts often depend on nominal values. Do not inflate the same amount twice or assume general inflation applies equally to every component. A consistent real-terms model should give the same NPV.

Worked example

An annual material cost is $40,000 at today's prices and is expected to increase by 6% a year. The year-2 nominal cost is $40,000 × 1.06² = $44,944. It should be discounted using a nominal required return, rather than a real rate.

Common mistake

Inflating a figure already stated as the expected year-1 cash flow again for year 1.

Where it appears in your exams

QualificationExamRelationshipPeriod
ACCA AFM Direct September 2026–June 2027
ACCA FM Direct September 2026–June 2027