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Invoice discounting

Invoice discounting releases some cash tied up in receivables without waiting for customers to pay. The financier assesses invoice eligibility, debtor quality and concentration, and charges interest and possibly fees. Confidential arrangements can leave customers unaware of the financing, but confidentiality is not universal. The business commonly retains ledger administration and collection, distinguishing it from a full-service factoring arrangement. Exact risk transfer and recourse depend on the contract. Compare the effective cost and controls with alternatives, including the funds retained as a reserve and the possibility of ineligible invoices.

Worked example

A business submits $200,000 of eligible invoices and receives a 75% advance, providing $150,000 immediately. It continues collecting customer payments and settles the borrowing as specified. The advance is finance rather than additional sales revenue.

Common mistake

Assuming invoice discounting always transfers default risk or always includes outsourced collection services.

Where it appears in your exams

QualificationExamRelationshipPeriod
ACCA AFM Supporting September 2026–June 2027
ACCA FM Direct September 2026–June 2027