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Investment portfolio

A portfolio can include shares, bonds, funds, cash and other positions. Its composition reflects objectives, constraints, horizon, liquidity and risk capacity;it need not be well diversified or pursue the highest possible return without qualification. Combined risk depends on weights and how outcomes interact, not only the number of holdings. Distinguish a general portfolio from the theoretical market portfolio and from diversification as a management technique. Costs, concentration, leverage and changing exposures should be assessed when interpreting return or risk measures.

Worked example

An investor holds 70%in one company and 30%in short-term deposits. That is a portfolio, but the two holdings do not establish broad diversification or an appropriate risk profile.

Common mistake

Assuming any collection of investments is diversified or equating a particular investor’s holdings with the CAPM market portfolio.

Where it appears in your exams

QualificationExamRelationshipPeriod
ACCA FM Supporting September 2026–June 2027