Indulgence and restraint (Hofstede)
Indulgence and restraint form a later dimension of Hofstede’s national-culture model concerning the extent to which gratification and enjoyment are permitted or regulated by social norms. This is distinct from organisational spending control or the moral worth of individuals. As with other national dimensions, it should guide questions rather than serve as a deterministic description of everyone within a society.
Worked example
A multinational investigates attitudes towards leisure-related employee benefits. It considers possible cultural differences but also surveys staff directly and allows for age, income and personal circumstances.
Common mistake
Do not describe indulgence as unlimited spending or restraint as proof of better discipline. The model addresses cultural norms, and individual preferences need direct evidence.
Where it appears in your exams
| Qualification | Exam | Relationship | Period |
|---|---|---|---|
| ACCA | BT | Supporting | September 2026–June 2027 |
| FIA | FBT | Supporting | September 2026–June 2027 |
