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Hawthorne studies

The Hawthorne studies were a series of workplace investigations associated with Mayo, Roethlisberger and others at Western Electric’s Hawthorne Works. They contributed to interest in social relationships, group norms, supervision and employees’ experiences in understanding work. The studies are historically important, but their findings and interpretation are debated; they do not establish one universal rule that attention alone always increases productivity.

Worked example

A manager considers group expectations and supervision when investigating output differences instead of looking only at lighting or pay. The ideas guide questions rather than prove the cause in that workplace.

Common mistake

Do not claim every change in physical conditions improved productivity because workers felt observed, or attribute all the research personally to Mayo.

Where it appears in your exams

QualificationExamRelationshipPeriod
ACCA BT Supporting September 2026–June 2027
FIA FBT Supporting September 2026–June 2027