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Ethical conceptual framework

The professional ethical conceptual framework provides a process for identifying, evaluating and addressing threats to compliance with fundamental ethical principles. Apply professional judgement and consider whether a reasonable and informed third party would regard the threat as acceptable. Appropriate responses can include eliminating the cause, applying effective safeguards or declining or ending the activity when the threat cannot be addressed. The framework applies to accountants in business as well as public practice; it is not a separate list of invented principles or a permission to proceed whenever no explicit prohibition is found.

Worked example

An accountant is pressured to understate a forecast loss to protect a manager’s bonus. The accountant identifies intimidation and self-interest concerns, evaluates their significance, seeks appropriate support and changes the circumstances or refuses the misleading action if the threat remains unacceptable.

Common mistake

Confusing the ethical framework with the financial-reporting Conceptual Framework or strategic acceptability tests, or assuming every threat can be cured by a generic safeguard.

Where it appears in your exams

QualificationExamRelationshipPeriod
ACCA BT Direct September 2026–June 2027
ACCA SBL Direct September 2026–June 2027
FIA FBT Direct September 2026–June 2027