Skip to contentSkip to search

Enterprise value

In cash-flow valuation, enterprise value commonly means the present value of operating free cash flows to the firm discounted at an appropriate WACC. To derive ordinary equity value, adjust consistently for debt, separately valued surplus cash and other non-operating assets or claims. Market conventions differ over items such as leases, minority interests and pension obligations, so define the calculation and use matching earnings or cash-flow measures. Do not mechanically add every cash balance if it is required for operations and already reflected in the model.

Worked example

Operating enterprise value is $12 million. There is $1 million genuinely surplus cash excluded from the operating forecast and $4 million debt to deduct, with no other claims assumed. Equity value is $12m + $1m − $4m = $9 million.

Common mistake

Subtracting debt twice, or adding operating cash already captured in the valuation as though it were a separate surplus asset.

Where it appears in your exams

QualificationExamRelationshipPeriod
ACCA AFM Direct September 2026–June 2027
ACCA FM Direct September 2026–June 2027