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Economic growth

Economic growth is an increase in an economy’s real output over time. It is commonly measured by the percentage change in real gross domestic product, which removes estimated price effects from nominal GDP. Growth per person also depends on population change. Distinguish short-term increases using spare capacity from longer-term expansion of productive potential; neither GDP measure alone captures every aspect of wellbeing or distribution.

Worked example

Real GDP rises from $500 billion to $515 billion, giving growth of 3%. If population grows 2%, real GDP per person increases by approximately 1%, rather than the full 3%.

Common mistake

Do not call a 3% increase in nominal GDP real growth without allowing for prices. Also avoid treating aggregate growth as proof that every household became better off.

Where it appears in your exams

QualificationExamRelationshipPeriod
ACCA BT Direct September 2026–June 2027
FIA FBT Direct September 2026–June 2027