Currency of invoice
Choosing the invoicing currency affects which party faces a conversion exposure and when. An exporter invoicing in its home currency transfers some exchange-rate uncertainty to the customer, while a foreign-currency invoice can leave the exporter exposed until receipt. Bargaining power, competitiveness, customer preferences, legal requirements and other contractual terms influence the choice. A home-currency invoice does not eliminate all economic currency exposure: competitors and demand can still change when exchange rates move. Examine actual payment terms and any subsequent hedge.
Worked example
A UK exporter quotes a sale at £100,000 rather than dollars. If the customer accepts that term and pays in sterling, the exporter avoids a dollar-to-sterling transaction exposure on that invoice, while the customer must obtain sterling.
Common mistake
Assuming home-currency invoicing removes the firm's economic currency exposure or can always be imposed without affecting customer demand.
Where it appears in your exams
| Qualification | Exam | Relationship | Period |
|---|---|---|---|
| ACCA | AFM | Supporting | September 2026–June 2027 |
| ACCA | FM | Direct | September 2026–June 2027 |
