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Currency of invoice

Choosing the invoicing currency affects which party faces a conversion exposure and when. An exporter invoicing in its home currency transfers some exchange-rate uncertainty to the customer, while a foreign-currency invoice can leave the exporter exposed until receipt. Bargaining power, competitiveness, customer preferences, legal requirements and other contractual terms influence the choice. A home-currency invoice does not eliminate all economic currency exposure: competitors and demand can still change when exchange rates move. Examine actual payment terms and any subsequent hedge.

Worked example

A UK exporter quotes a sale at £100,000 rather than dollars. If the customer accepts that term and pays in sterling, the exporter avoids a dollar-to-sterling transaction exposure on that invoice, while the customer must obtain sterling.

Common mistake

Assuming home-currency invoicing removes the firm's economic currency exposure or can always be imposed without affecting customer demand.

Where it appears in your exams

QualificationExamRelationshipPeriod
ACCA AFM Supporting September 2026–June 2027
ACCA FM Direct September 2026–June 2027