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Contribution

Contribution is sales revenue less variable costs for the relevant output. It is available to cover fixed costs and then profit. Define whether a figure is contribution per unit, total contribution or a contribution-to-sales ratio. Include variable selling costs as well as variable production costs when calculating overall sales contribution. Contribution supports short-run decisions and cost-volume-profit analysis, but non-financial constraints and changing fixed costs may also matter.

Worked example

Price is $20, variable production cost $11 and variable selling cost $1 per unit. Unit contribution is $8; selling 500 units produces $4,000 contribution.

Common mistake

Contribution is not gross profit under absorption costing and is not final profit before fixed costs are deducted.

Where it appears in your exams

QualificationExamRelationshipPeriod
ACCA MA Direct September 2026–June 2027
ACCA PM Direct September 2026–June 2027
FIA FMA Direct September 2026–June 2027