Contribution
Contribution is sales revenue less variable costs for the relevant output. It is available to cover fixed costs and then profit. Define whether a figure is contribution per unit, total contribution or a contribution-to-sales ratio. Include variable selling costs as well as variable production costs when calculating overall sales contribution. Contribution supports short-run decisions and cost-volume-profit analysis, but non-financial constraints and changing fixed costs may also matter.
Worked example
Price is $20, variable production cost $11 and variable selling cost $1 per unit. Unit contribution is $8; selling 500 units produces $4,000 contribution.
Common mistake
Contribution is not gross profit under absorption costing and is not final profit before fixed costs are deducted.
Where it appears in your exams
| Qualification | Exam | Relationship | Period |
|---|---|---|---|
| ACCA | MA | Direct | September 2026–June 2027 |
| ACCA | PM | Direct | September 2026–June 2027 |
| FIA | FMA | Direct | September 2026–June 2027 |
