Budget
A budget is a quantified plan for a defined future period, linking intended activity with the resources, income and cash consequences expected. It supports planning, coordination, communication, control and performance evaluation, but those purposes can create tensions. Distinguish a target or authorised plan from a forecast of what is now expected to happen. Assumptions, responsibility, time horizon and the chosen costing basis should be clear.
Worked example
A sales budget plans 5,000 units at $20, producing revenue of $100,000. Production, staffing and cash budgets must be coordinated with that plan.
Common mistake
A budget is not automatically the best current forecast, and an adverse variance does not prove poor management if assumptions changed.
Where it appears in your exams
| Qualification | Exam | Relationship | Period |
|---|---|---|---|
| ACCA | APM | Direct | September 2026–June 2027 |
| ACCA | MA | Direct | September 2026–June 2027 |
| ACCA | PM | Direct | September 2026–June 2027 |
| FIA | FMA | Direct | September 2026–June 2027 |
