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Activity-based budgeting

Activity-based budgeting estimates the activities needed to deliver planned output and then the resources those activities require. It works from demand through cost drivers to resource capacity rather than simply increasing last year’s spending. Distinguish the cost of capacity supplied from the resources actually needed and recognise that some resources come in indivisible blocks. It can improve understanding of support costs but depends on reliable activity data and a useful driver model.

Worked example

Planned output requires 1,000 purchase orders. If each order needs 0.5 processing hours, required activity is 500 hours; staffing cost depends on how that capacity can actually be supplied.

Common mistake

Multiplying an activity rate by demand does not prove that all unused fixed capacity can immediately be saved in cash.

Where it appears in your exams

QualificationExamRelationshipPeriod
ACCA APM Direct September 2026–June 2027
ACCA PM Direct September 2026–June 2027
ACCA SBL Supporting September 2026–June 2027