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  1. so deontology is in some ways like Absolutism? and what if in Deontological morality killing someone really bad is a right thing to do? there is no clearly right thing is it? are laws still irrelevant in that stage?

    Btw Thankyou so much for the lectures, i hope only prosperity for you guys!

    • A fine distinction! I suppose that you could invest in an entity in other ways that holding shares. You could invest your time. You could be a lender to the company. You could invest an interest in the company.

      But basically your point is well made – the two expressions are effectively the same for our purposes

      • Sir .. I am again confused .. As u said tht for our purpose there is no difference in shareholder and investor.. But in recent exam 2015 june .. Q. 2 .. Rosey nd atkins he stated tht ‘ it waz both the investor in funds and shareholder in R and A ‘ kindly sir explain me ..

      • Ok, if I have money to invest but don’t wish to expose myself to unnecessary risk, I could instead invest in an investment fund that will take my money, add it to the money from thousands of others , and invest it in entity shares. I don’t own those shares. I own an interest in the profit that the investment manager is going to achieve on our behalf

        Is that better for you?

  4. I really respect you for using Prophet Muhammed(PBUH) as example in ethics. I think most of the brothers and sisters misunderstood you as we tend to get a little emotional about our religion. And I wouldn’t mind you using Prophet Muhammed(PBUH) as example in fact I would like you to look into His(PBUH) history so you could better interpret and use Him(PBUH) as an example in such lectures.

  5. Hi dear Mike!
    I’m not sure, maybe next example could be also analyzed from Kohlberg’s view:)
    “Should students posting replies at forums?” 🙂
    Stage 1 – I checked forum rules for whether I would be punished or rewarded for answering in “forums” and “ask the tutor forums”. Seems like no punishment.
    Stage 3 – I would like to help others, and I was encouraged doing so by mail (at least I understood in this way), I would like to contact with society and being liked by society 🙂 (I would never wanted to bring harm or to hinder someone or to compete with tutors!! I respect OT tutors very much!)
    Now, after some incidents, I could go to stage 1 and be afraid of punishment when posting replies at forums, or go to stage 4 and accept that society needs and has laws, and if one breaks law, than others could break law also. So rules should exist and people should follow rules.

    It looks like the same adult could be at different stages of Kohlberg’s theory. Is this right?
    I don’t mean movement through stages from child 10-13-16-adult, but I mean thinking at different stages (maybe in different situations – work, personal, social) being developed and steady adult.
    Or the same person would be more constant within stages?

    • your comment only shows your foolishness here, specially after Mike has said that he didn’t intend any disrespect of either the religion or of the Prophet, it is crazy people like yourself which shows the prophet in a bad light, ready to defend and bring useless chatter, if these scholars have said good things, there are tons of other scholars who have said very bad things, if the criteria is to accept the saying of scholars about the prophet then which one should we accept, the one which is in our favor, shame.

      • Hi Ishaque

        Thank you for your input (and a happy new year to you – I hope it brings you the success that you seek!)

        The post to which you are responding is from November 2014 – more that a complete calendar year since – so a lot of water has passed under the bridge of contention since then.

        My attitude would be to let sleeping dogs lie and, I repeat, I mean no disrespect neither to your religion, your beliefs nor, indeed, to your holy Prophet Muhammed (interesting that Shakeel couldn’t spell the Prophet’s name correctly – or, at least, not in the same way in which it is spelt in the link that Shakeel provided)

      • Hello Mike, and happy new year to you too. Thanks for the wonderful lectures and materials provided by OT, helped me pass F5, F6 and am sure I will pass F8 and F9 as well. About the comment, just because of these comments I heard both your lectures twice and I didn’t find any derogatory or other inappropriate remarks, I wonder how can these people interpret it completely differently, so I just typed those, but you are right. Thanks once again and best of luck with your endeavours

  8. Even Mr Gandhi said that the most humane person read abt was Prophet Muhammad.Prophet Jesus had prophecied the coming of Prophet Muhammad and he came 🙂 Even in times of war the Prophet forbade warriors to kill women,children,animals and to not destroy any plant that benefits any living thing.He instructed people that not even a single dog should die out of hunger under the ruling of a president(khalifa) 🙂

    • Hi

      Just reading the last few posts, it seems that you have interpreted some of my words in a way which critises the Prophet Mohammed. Please believe me when I say that no criticism was intended, neither of the Prophet himself nor of the religion of Islam.

      Having been listening to recent news items from the USA, I could well change my examples for the next time I record this chapter.

      But please don’t lose sight of the fact that, pretty well EVERY day, there’s a news item of relevance to P1 on the BBC World news

      And good luck on Wednesday

  9. Just to shed a bit of light: Muhammad (pbuh) stood up against several sick cultural norms in Arabia and general world, out of these many, a few were standing up against burying a female child alive which is still happening in some parts of the world including India. He also stood against cruelty towards animals, women being taken as objects instead of equal humans, rights of orphans. He even stood up for the rights of prisoners of wars. Because of this he had to face a lot of retaliation like every good person has to.

  13. very impressive lecture, thanks Mike.
    And i just what to let u know that Muhammad (PBUH) stood up against hurdred to laws of Arabs which were wrong – “one of them is buying Slaves and treating them the way u want cox u own them”.

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