I have a question in regard to question 1. Why some expenses on which NOPAT is adjusted are not included in adjustment of capital employed – such as RD non cash expenses?
I haven’t looked up that specific question, but almost certainly it is because the capital employed in EVA is the OPENING capital employed, so non-cash expenses added back to profit for the year would have no effect on that.
Not using opening capital employed is one of the most common errors in EVA calculations.