Value gap and agent conflicts

agent for company : e.g., director,

example of conflicts
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1)
director avoid lower-risk investment to avoid lost of job, etc.
shareholder might prefer reasonable higher risk investment for higher return.

2)
director avoid longer term(LT) projects even if those LT projects good for co long term growth, because director prefer short term bonus/personal benefit.
shareholder want some long term projects for co healthy growth.

3)
shareholder prefer regular dividend pay, but director prefer keep more retained earning for spending.