Porter five forces

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44. LJP Company operates train and bus services throughout its home country, as well as some overseas services. LJP Company dominates the market, but has one major competitor. In the context of Porter’s five forces model, which of the following is an example of the threat
of substitutes to LJP Company?

A. A decision by GVS Company, an airline, to diversify into land transport systems, with bus and train services targeted at business users

B. A large increase in the costs of inventory for the bus division, imposed by a company that manufactured all of LJP Company’s fleet of buses

C. The launch of new, speed train services on all major domestic and overseas routes by JVM Company. LJP’s main competitor

D. The launch of a free, user-friendly and easily downloadable video conferencing package by ITX Company, a multinational software producer