Forums › Ask ACCA Tutor Forums › Ask the Tutor ACCA FM Exams › Please help, confuse with this question(Variable Costing and Marginal Costing).
- This topic has 5 replies, 3 voices, and was last updated 8 years ago by John Moffat.
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- April 2, 2016 at 3:14 pm #308860
A company manufactures buns which are considered the main product for its store located in Montego Bay, St. James. On January 1, 2015, management budgeted fixed production overheads to amount to $48,000,000. Based on the company’s policies, overheads are absorbed based on the budgeted direct labour hours to be worked. At the start of the year, the entity had budgeted direct labour cost amounting to $60,000,000. Additionally, the production manager estimated that the budgeted direct labour hour (DLH) rate is $25. The rate is the same as the actual rate below.
For the year ended December 31, 2015 the following actual results are depicted below:Production (units) 1,500,000
Sales (units) 1,250,000
Sales price per unit $200
Direct materials per unit $100
Direct labour cost per unit $25
Variable production overheads per unit $25
Variable selling costs per unit $25
Total fixed selling costs $6,000,000
Fixed Overheads cost $45,000,000Note: each bun actually uses one direct labour hour (DLH). The entity had no inventory at the start of the period.
Required:
a. Using variable costing approach, prepare an income statement for the year ended December 31, 2015.
b. Using absorption costing, calculate under or over absorption of overheads. ]
c. Using absorption costing approach, prepare an income statement for the year ended December 31, 2015This is what I started to do
For Question aSales (1,250,000 x 200) $250,000,000
Variable Cost(1,250,000 x 175) $ 218,750,000
Contribution $31,250,000This is where I am lost. What do I do next. Should I subtract Fixed Overhead and Fixed Selling because I would receive a lost??
For Question b
Reconciliation
Production (1,500,000 x 200) $300,000,000
Sales (1,250,000 x 200) $250,000,000
= $50,000,000
OAR 48,000,000/60,000,000= $0.8
Difference 50,000,000 x 0.8 = $40,000,000Budgeted Overheads = $48,000,000
Actual Overheads = $45,000,000
under = $3,000,000
Actual Activity Level =Under/Over Absorbed = 45,000,000 – (0.8 x ????) lost from this point onward..
April 3, 2016 at 7:13 am #308885This is not in the syllabus for Paper F9 and could not be asked.
It is Paper F2 and you should ask in that forum.
April 3, 2016 at 1:32 pm #308903Ok thank you
April 3, 2016 at 4:24 pm #308910You are welcome 🙂
April 12, 2016 at 6:13 am #309804AnonymousInactive- Topics: 0
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You are the Financial Director of AntWorks Ltd. and you are considering the following investment projects.
1. Project Sugarie:
AntWorks Ltd.’s R&D department has tested a new product, Sugarie, which has shown promising results. The information relevant to this project is as follows:
i. A new equipment will have to be imported at a total cost of USD 0.538 million. The equipment is expected to be used for 4 years, which is Sugarie’s expected product life. At the end of the project the equipment shall be disposed at 10% of its original cost in Rs.. For income tax purposes Antworks Ltd. can charge annual allowance at the rate of 30% of the written down value of the equipment.
ii. The demand for Sugarie will depend on the state of the economy.
• In the boom state AntWorks Ltd. expects to sell 1.5 million units in the first year and with potential to increase by 15% per annum over the next 2 years. Sales will drop to 0.7 million units in the final year. The probability that the economy booms over the next 4 year is estimated to be 0.35.
• Analysts believe that there are 25% chance that the economy contracts. In such situation sales will be 0.5 million units per year, with no expected growth.
• Otherwise, if the economic conditions remain stable, sales will be at 1 million units in year 1 and will grow at the rate of 5% in the second year and will start to contract by 20% per annum in the third and fourth year.
Analysts anticipate the above three possible economic scenarios only.
iii. Antworks Ltd. will have to maintain one month of inventories at start of every financial year. Other working capital requirement is expected to be 10% of the forthcoming year’s expected contribution.
iv. Each unit of Sugarie will be priced at Rs.40. Total variable costs per unit are expected to be Rs.25 for the first year. Incremental fixed cost associated with the project is expected to be Rs.7 million during the first year. The R&D and marketing departments have already incurred Rs. 0.5 million during the testing phase. Annual marketing expenses are expected to be Rs. 0.5 million (as valued in year 1), that is, irrespective of the economic condition.
v. The Customer Price Index (CPI) is expected to increase at 5% per annum over the next three years after year 1. That is irrespective of the state of the economy. However, selling price will not be indexed to the annual CPI but will be increased at 4% per annum.
Other investment projects:
Your colleagues have calculated the annual operating cash flow for two other investment projects which are given below:
Projects:
Figures in Rs. Million Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4
Apple-pie 12 5.5 3.7 –
Sour-Salt 4.5 3.5 2.0 1.0Apple-pie and Sour-Salt require an initial investment at the start of the project of Rs. 17 million and Rs. 10 million respectively. There exist a second-hand market for the investment required by Apple-pie and this will generate Rs. 1 million upon disposal.
None of the above projects are divisible and can be postponed.
Financing and other market information
Antworks Ltd. has a debt-to-equity ratio of 2:1, with 50 million Rs. 1 ordinary shares and a beta factor of 1.2. The above projects have got an equity beta of 1.3. To finance future investment projects, you are expecting to:
1) do a right issue of 1 for 5 share at a discounted price Rs. 2.59 per share, and
2) issue 12% irredeemable debenture of Rs. 12 million.
Analysts believe that the shares and debentures will be fully subscribed.
Treasury bills provide a return 4% per annum and the market rate of return is at 10%.
The prevailing spot exchange rate is 0.02690 Rs./USD.
Income tax is charged at 15%, payable one year in arrears.
Required:
Prepare a report which:
i) Advise the board on the:
a. feasibility of the above investment projects, and
b. risks that you can foresee through sensitivity analysis.April 12, 2016 at 2:23 pm #309884The purpose of this forum isn’t to provide answers to questions like this. You must surely have an answer in the same book in which you found the question (unless it is homework, and we are certainly not here to do your homework for you).
You should ask about whatever in the answer you do not understand.
If you watch our free lectures then you will find everything you need explained in the lectures. Our lectures are a complete course for Paper F9 and cover everything needed to be able to pass the exam well.
(And I have no idea why you have posted the question under this heading anyway, given that it has nothing at all to do with marginal costing!)
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