Kaplan kit Question

1. The main role of a supervisor is best described as:
A a negotiator of industrial relations within a department
B someone to resolve problems first hand where the work is done
C someone to ensure that specified tasks are performed correctly and efficiently
D the interface between junior and senior managers
Answer is C. I was confused between B and D. C can be any management role not just supervisor specifically.

2. Contingency theorists believe that:
A effective management is primarily a function of successful people management
B organisational achievement is largely contingent upon general economic circumstances
C major change is dependent primarily upon clarity and communication of the strategic vision
D lessons of earlier theorists should be adapted to suit particular circumstances
Answer is D. I was unable to understand it much. I just know that contingency theory were situated according to situation. Please help me with this.

3 . In the context of diversity, what should management seek to achieve in relation to its operational environment?
A Equal opportunity for all staff to flourish in that environment
B A workforce that is representative of that environment
C Active participation by staff in that operational environment
D Nothing – the operational environment is not relevant to diversity.
Answer is B. Entire chapter in Kaplan book has said nothing regarding operational environment and suddenly it asks it here. Please help.

4. Which of the following are typical differences between ‘diversity’ and ‘equal opportunities’?
(i) Equal opportunities is usually voluntary, rather than being legally required.
(ii) Diversity is normally driven by the desire to increase productivity.
(iii) Equal opportunities is reactive, while diversity is proactive.
(iv) Diversity tends to go further than equal opportunities and appreciates the differences in employee attitudes, personalities and beliefs.

A (i) only
B (i) and (ii) only
C (ii), (iii) and (iv) only
D (ii) and (iv) only

Answer is C. I dont understand that Equal Opportunity is Statutory so it is implemented by every business before any incident or event of equal opportunity violation so how it is reactive. It should be proactive. Please help.