Hi There, In your WACC calculation for example 10 please correct me if I’m wrong but it looks like you forgot to include in your calculation Kd(1-T) – the cost of debt.
13.56% is correct. Kd(1-t) is only relevant if the debt is irredeemable. Here the debit is redeemable and so the cost of debt is the IRR of the after tax flows – the tax is already taken account of in the calculation of the IRR.
Ordinary shares, par value $1 600 Retained earnings 22,400 10% loan notes1,000 7% preference shares, par value $1 1,000
The current ex div ordinary share price is $5 per share. An ordinary dividend of 80 cents per share has just been paid. The dividend paid 2 years ago was 70 cents
The current ex div preference share price is 90 cents.
The loan notes are redeemable at par in 3 years’ time. They have a current ex interest market price of $95 per $100 loan note.
Tax is 30%.
Calculate the current weighted average cost of capital
Sir, when is it valid to appraise the project at WACC? when risk and gearing are same or different? I didn’t get what is told in the lecture, something irrelevant is told, what is it?
Sir, what exactly is redemption yield? Does gross redemption yield = Return to the investor( Which is IRR without considering tax) while net redemption yield = Cost of debt to the company. Also, in eg 1 in Chapter 8, why have we not considered the initial outflow of $100? Thanks for the help 🙂
Yes – gross redemption yield is the return to the investor. (Net redemption yield would be the cost of debt, but we don’t call it net redemption yield!)
With regard to question 1 in chapter 8, we are calculating the current MV of the bond, which is the PV of future expected receipts. (The $100 is simply the nominal value).
(For this, it might help you to revise the F9 chapters on the valuation of securities)
Incidentally, I notice that in the lecture I refer to 2 questions in Section A. I must re-record it because that has of course changes and there is now just one question of 50 marks.
Not a query. Just wanted to congratulate you, sir, for having been conferred with the Editors Special Award by PQ. Couldn’t be happier. You always teach everything in such a logical manner that it rids us of the need to blindly memorise formulae. Became a big FAN of yours ever since I watched the lecture on variance in f2 😀 Kudos!!
Is it really a must that we guess percentages (in this case 10% and 5%) that will give us both a negative AND positive NPV? or can we also just as well calculate IRR after using percentages that give us NPVs that are BOTH positive?
No – it is not a must. You can still approximate to the IRR (it is always an approximation anyway) if you have two positives or two negatives. But having a positive and a negative will give a better approximation.
That would not lose marks, provided they were not silly guesses. What I mean is that suppose you guessed at 5% and got an NPV that was enormously positive, then it would be a bit silly to make a second guess at only 6%. 10% or 15% would have been more sensible.
There is no need to apologise – I can understand it must be harder if you have not taken F9.
I am not sure which NPV you mean.
However, I really do suggest that you watch the free F9 lectures (all except those on working capital, which is not examined at P4) – especially those on project appraisal, cost of capital, capital asset pricing model, and foreign exchange risk. So much of P4 is a repeat of F9 (and most of the extra topics do not make much sense unless you are happy with the ones from F9).
Hello Sir , I am a bit confused on the calculation of market values of debt and equity for WACC in example 10. market values are calculated on ex price or cum price of debt and equity ?
Hi sir.This one is regarding MACAULAY DURATION . in bpp text it says when yield decreases duration increases but in an example i did(opentuition notes.ch8.Example4) lowering the yield has now effect on the duration.Why is that ?
Hi sir. In Macaulay duration limitation you wrote that bond prices decreases as interest increases but using formula P0 = I / Kd as we increases interest the market value increases? Please help me with this how does interest increases decreases bond market price
It is investors who fix the market value of a bond from day to day, and it determined by the receipts that they are expecting and the rate of return that they require.
Here is a very simple example: Suppose there are 5% bonds. On a $100 dollar bond, the interest is fixed at $5 per year. Suppose someone is thinking of buying a bond today on the stock exchange, but today they require return of 10% on their investment (maybe because banks are paying interest of 10%). Since the will only be getting $5 a year, they will only be prepared to pay $50 – because then the $5 a year will be a 10% return.
The higher the required return, the lower the market value will be on the stock exchange.
Hi. In the revised notes of chapter 8- the valuation of debt finance and macauley duration Example 2 and 3, where did you get $110 as redemption of the bonds?? I got $110 as i assumes the nominal value being $100 and i added 10% to it? Please explain??
This is not a mistake at all – we do not claim to have lectures on every topic for any of the papers. All of the topics are covered in the Course Notes and in your Study Text (it is made very clear throughout this website that Course Notes are not meant to replace Study Texts).
We provide this website free of charge in our spare time. Lectures are added as time permits.
As to saying that you cannot rely on the lectures – of course you can rely on the lectures. But again, we do not claim to have lectures on every topic. If you want lectures on every topic immediately then you will need to pay to attend some course somewhere.
Damian says
Hi There,
In your WACC calculation for example 10 please correct me if I’m wrong but it looks like you forgot to include in your calculation Kd(1-T) – the cost of debt.
The WACC should be 13.18% instead of 13.56%.
Please let me know your thoughts.
John Moffat says
13.56% is correct.
Kd(1-t) is only relevant if the debt is irredeemable. Here the debit is redeemable and so the cost of debt is the IRR of the after tax flows – the tax is already taken account of in the calculation of the IRR.
Damian says
Thank you
John Moffat says
You are welcome 🙂
Lilit says
Daer Sir,
Is this the same example covered in previous lecture?
John Moffat says
Yes it is – I must have this lecture deleted 🙂
accastudentofoman says
Or maybe leave this one and have the previous one deleted, 🙂
John Moffat says
🙂
brain33 says
Hi
Please advice how answer 18.6 % came acca p4
Ordinary shares, par value $1 600 Retained earnings 22,400 10% loan notes1,000 7% preference shares, par value $1 1,000
The current ex div ordinary share price is $5 per share. An ordinary dividend of 80 cents per share has just been paid. The dividend paid 2 years ago was 70 cents
The current ex div preference share price is 90 cents.
The loan notes are redeemable at par in 3 years’ time. They have a current ex interest market price of $95 per $100 loan note.
Tax is 30%.
Calculate the current weighted average cost of capital
The correct answer is
18.6%
John Moffat says
You must ask this sort of question in the Ask the Tutor Forum, and not as a comment on a lecture.
cyh says
HI Sir, i can’t find the online lecture for chapter 8: Valuation of Debt Finance,Macaulay Duration
or is there any answer on the example can be found out / dowload?
John Moffat says
There is no lecture at present.
All the answers to examples are at the back of the lecture notes – see the contents page.
Benedito says
I passed F9,with some concepts which were not clear. I never new this site until a colleague insighted me.
Thank for this lesson sir
John Moffat says
You are welcome, and thank you 🙂
anonymous says
Sir, when is it valid to appraise the project at WACC? when risk and gearing are same or different? I didn’t get what is told in the lecture, something irrelevant is told, what is it?
John Moffat says
It is only valid to appraise at the WACC if the level of business risk stays the same and if the level of gearing remains the same.
anonymous says
Ok Thank you!!!
chandhini says
Sir, what exactly is redemption yield? Does gross redemption yield = Return to the investor( Which is IRR without considering tax) while net redemption yield = Cost of debt to the company.
Also, in eg 1 in Chapter 8, why have we not considered the initial outflow of $100? Thanks for the help 🙂
John Moffat says
Yes – gross redemption yield is the return to the investor.
(Net redemption yield would be the cost of debt, but we don’t call it net redemption yield!)
With regard to question 1 in chapter 8, we are calculating the current MV of the bond, which is the PV of future expected receipts. (The $100 is simply the nominal value).
(For this, it might help you to revise the F9 chapters on the valuation of securities)
Incidentally, I notice that in the lecture I refer to 2 questions in Section A. I must re-record it because that has of course changes and there is now just one question of 50 marks.
chandhini says
I have done f9, but don’t seem to remember a few areas. Will go through them sir. Thanks 😀
chandhini says
Not a query. Just wanted to congratulate you, sir, for having been conferred with the Editors Special Award by PQ. Couldn’t be happier. You always teach everything in such a logical manner that it rids us of the need to blindly memorise formulae. Became a big FAN of yours ever since I watched the lecture on variance in f2 😀 Kudos!!
John Moffat says
Thank you very much 🙂
Seiko says
In relation to the IRR calculation –
Is it really a must that we guess percentages (in this case 10% and 5%) that will give us both a negative AND positive NPV? or can we also just as well calculate IRR after using percentages that give us NPVs that are BOTH positive?
John Moffat says
No – it is not a must. You can still approximate to the IRR (it is always an approximation anyway) if you have two positives or two negatives. But having a positive and a negative will give a better approximation.
That would not lose marks, provided they were not silly guesses. What I mean is that suppose you guessed at 5% and got an NPV that was enormously positive, then it would be a bit silly to make a second guess at only 6%. 10% or 15% would have been more sensible.
sogan0 says
Example 10 how do u get NPV value Sir, my apologies i never did F9
John Moffat says
There is no need to apologise – I can understand it must be harder if you have not taken F9.
I am not sure which NPV you mean.
However, I really do suggest that you watch the free F9 lectures (all except those on working capital, which is not examined at P4) – especially those on project appraisal, cost of capital, capital asset pricing model, and foreign exchange risk. So much of P4 is a repeat of F9 (and most of the extra topics do not make much sense unless you are happy with the ones from F9).
azan says
Hello Sir ,
I am a bit confused on the calculation of market values of debt and equity for WACC in example 10. market values are calculated on ex price or cum price of debt and equity ?
John Moffat says
The WACC is calculated using the ex div / ex int values of equity and debt.
azan says
thank you sir
silas says
hi
am failing to listen to the lectures online, i have tried technical online help nothing is being done. pliz help
John Moffat says
I think it was a temporary problem – it should be working OK now.
(If not, then try a different browser e.g. Google Chrome)
ace91 says
Hi sir.This one is regarding MACAULAY DURATION . in bpp text it says when yield decreases duration increases but in an example i did(opentuition notes.ch8.Example4) lowering the yield has now effect on the duration.Why is that ?
Muhammad Uzair says
Hi sir.
In Macaulay duration limitation you wrote that bond prices decreases as interest increases but using formula P0 = I / Kd
as we increases interest the market value increases?
Please help me with this how does interest increases decreases bond market price
Thank You 🙂
John Moffat says
It is investors who fix the market value of a bond from day to day, and it determined by the receipts that they are expecting and the rate of return that they require.
Here is a very simple example:
Suppose there are 5% bonds. On a $100 dollar bond, the interest is fixed at $5 per year. Suppose someone is thinking of buying a bond today on the stock exchange, but today they require return of 10% on their investment (maybe because banks are paying interest of 10%). Since the will only be getting $5 a year, they will only be prepared to pay $50 – because then the $5 a year will be a 10% return.
The higher the required return, the lower the market value will be on the stock exchange.
nmbm says
Hi.
In the revised notes of chapter 8- the valuation of debt finance and macauley duration
Example 2 and 3, where did you get $110 as redemption of the bonds??
I got $110 as i assumes the nominal value being $100 and i added 10% to it?
Please explain??
John Moffat says
The example says that the bonds are redeemable (repayable) at a premium of 10%.
It also says that the nominal value is $100.
Any premium on redemption is always based on the nominal value.
So what you say is correct – but it is not an assumption that the nominal is $100, because the question says that it is.
nmbm says
I understand but in your answer there is $118 as redemption value?? This is wht confuses me
John Moffat says
Sorry – I should have explained better.
110 is the repayment, and 8 is the interest for the final year.
nmbm says
Oh.
I did 8 being the interest multiply by an annuity factor of 15%
And then did 110 multiply by a discount factor of 15 %.
Is that ok??
John Moffat says
Yes – thats fine 🙂
nmbm says
Thank u:)
Ammar.Shabbir says
THAT MEANS I CANT REALLY RELY ON THESE LECTURES AS THEY ARE INCOMPLETE….
DIDNT EXPECT THAT FROM OT TEAM TO MAKE SUCH UNFORGIVEABLE MISTAKE…
SO SAD….
John Moffat says
This is not a mistake at all – we do not claim to have lectures on every topic for any of the papers. All of the topics are covered in the Course Notes and in your Study Text (it is made very clear throughout this website that Course Notes are not meant to replace Study Texts).
We provide this website free of charge in our spare time. Lectures are added as time permits.
As to saying that you cannot rely on the lectures – of course you can rely on the lectures. But again, we do not claim to have lectures on every topic. If you want lectures on every topic immediately then you will need to pay to attend some course somewhere.
pwyc says
WHy dont have the online lecture for chapter 8: Valuation of Debt Finance,Macaulay Duration?
John Moffat says
@pwyc, Sorry but there are not lectures for every chapter in the course notes. More will be added as time permits.